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Lithium-rich manganese-based oxide(xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 or Li1+xM1-xO2,M = Ni,Co,Mn,etc) are regarded as one of the most important candidate cathode materials for high energy-density lithium ion batteries.In these oxides,the Li2MnO3 phase acts as a Li-ion reservoir and structure stabilizer when the cell is charged over 4.5 V vs.Li+/Li.