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New applications to cancer research are emerging with advances in mass spectrometry-based diagnostics.These advances are revolutionizing molecular medicine.Application of mass spectrometry to protein analysis, for instance has led to the development of a variety of proteomic methods that have been applied to clinical specimens such as serum and tissues.One outcome is the discovery of putative cancer biomarkers.As a result, conventional approaches to cancer therapy to treat patients according to organ or tissue origin is gradually being replaced by a more personalized approach in which treatment is based on detailed knowledge on genomic and proteomic changes that underlie the oncogenic process in each individual.In this presentation we will review the advances in serum proteomics and its application to diagnostic and prognostic breast cancer biomarkers.First, we will summarize the application of proteomics in unraveling the molecular mechanistic pathways and heterogeneity of breast cancer.Second, we will review the latest discoveries of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.Finally, we will show some of our labs recent results on proteomic profiling of breast cancer serum samples from African American women.