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Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab versus triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the treatment of diabetic clinically significant macular edema (CSME) with different optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.Methods Fifty eyes of 45 consecutive patients with diabetic CSME were incorporated in this prospective interventional case series.Patients were divided into three groups according to findings on OCT: 1) macular edema combined with serous retinal detachment (SRD, group 1); 2) diffused macular thickening (DMT, group 2); 3) cystoid macular edema (CME, group 3).Patients from each group were treated with a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (IVTA) or two intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB) with an interval of 6 weeks.Patients were observed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks after IVTA or the first IVB injection.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were examined at each visit.Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the efficacy of the treatment groups.