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The regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in different cellular processes, including metabolism, apoptosis, differentiation, and development.Inactivation of miRNA biogenesis by the loss of dicer in zebrafish maternal-zygotic dicer (MZdicer) mutants, causes abnormal morphogenesis during gastrulation, and reduces pharyngeal cartilage at later stages.However, the functional role and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating theses important developmental processes have not been uncovered.