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Nature is masterful at building nanostructures with great complexity by precisely controlling multi-stage self-assembly processes.One example is the self-assembly of genomic DNA and histone octamers into chromatin in eukaryotic cells.In the first stage,a DNA chain organizes histone octamers into a beads-on-a-string structure; the bead is a nucleosome composed of one DNA segment wrapping around the edge of one histone octamer,and between neighboring beads is a short DNA linker.