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Nanopores are miniaturized electrical sensors with arguably the smallest detection volumes(sub-yoctometers,or below 10-24 m3).[1] Detection of molecules using nanopores involves electrical monitoring of ion current flow through a pore using a pair of electrodes placed across the nanopore-containing membrane.Our group focuses on the use of nanopores that range from 1 to 10 nm in all dimensions(diameter and thickness).