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There are growing observations that sea ice exchange CO2 directly with the atmosphere.To explore the relationships between sea ice-specific biogeochemical processes and fluxes of CO2 at the air-ice interface,we carried out three surveys which addressed spring and summer CO2 dynamics in Antarctic land fast sea ice,and first year and multiyear pack ice.Spring and summer pCO2 patterns are consistent between the three surveys and mainly result from physical processes (temperature increase and related melting,convection of brines,…) while the under-saturation observed in summer is the signature of chemical (dissolution of carbonate minerals) and biological processes within sea ice.Exchanges of CO2 at the air-ice interface are unsurprisingly driven by the evolution of pCO2 within sea ice,yet modulated by sea ice permeability.