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Supporting and enhancing the regeneration and stability of alveolar bone at dental implant sites is necessary to improve implant integration and stability.In this study chitosan/collagen scaffolds combined with adenoviruses expressing either bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7),platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B),or a combination of both BMP-7 and PDGF-B,were prepared by a freeze □ drying method.The cytotoxicity of the resulting biomaterials,and their potential effects on cell proliferation and differentiation towards an osteoblast phenotype,were studied in an initial in vitro study using human periodontal ligament cells (HPLCs).