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Ribonucleases (RNases) play a central role in many aspects of RNA metabolism.The reactions catalyzed by this group of enzymes include those that process RNA precursors to their mature,functional forms,and those that degrade RNAs that are damaged or no longer needed by the cell.The intricacies of RNA metabolism necessitate a large number of RNases,and that a single cell can contain a multitude of such enzymes.Our understanding of RNases remains highest for E.coli.Thus,physiological roles for many of the E.coli RNases have now been identified,and structural and mechanistic studies of the enzymes are progressing rapidly.Some of these RNases have been developed as commercial products for use in molecular biology and biotechnology.