【摘 要】
：
The history of literacy in the Mediterranean, 1000 BC to 1900 AD, can be very briefly summarized as follows.The use of writing was initially limite
【机 构】
：
ColumbiaUniversity
【出 处】
：
2012年中国世界古代史国际学术讨论会
论文部分内容阅读
The history of literacy in the Mediterranean, 1000 BC to 1900 AD, can be very briefly summarized as follows.The use of writing was initially limited to scribal specialists in a relatively small area of the Mediterranean litoral, but in the wake of (a) improvements in writing systems c.800 BCE and (b) colonization and imperialism, the use of writing gradually spread to wider social groups and to the entire region.But with a predominantly agrarian economy and little in the way of public education, this region never achieved mass literacy, and when the economy shrank after 400 CE literacy shrank too.Literacy picked up again in some areas from the twelfth century onwards, and more rapidly after 1700 in tandem with economic growth.This paper seeks to discover whether the factors that determined levels and types of literacy in pre-modern China were similar to the economic, technological, social, and ideological factors that operated in the Mediterranean world.
其他文献
常熟严呐宅明代彩绘是江苏地区古建彩绘的典型代表，本文就传统材料白芨、明胶、荼皂素及传统方法如书画装裱的清洗等，在严呐宅明代彩绘保护中的应用进行了探讨，应用结
本文利用X射线荧光、红外光谱、热裂解气相色谱质谱(Py-GC-MS)和气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)，对山东青州香山西汉墓出土彩绘陶俑紫色、红色和褐色彩绘层中使用的胶接材料，以
南昌城始筑于西汉初，《水经注·赣水篇》云：“赣水又北迳南昌县故城西，于春秋属楚，即令尹子荡师于豫章者也。秦以为庐江南部。汉高祖六年，始命灌婴定豫章，置南昌县，以为豫
UAVs – Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have recently become a strong focus of attention both in the scientific-technical and professional communities,sin
In modern archaeology large amounts of data are generated through the use of 3D laser scanners,photogrammetry,digital photography,remote sensing,co
All non-invasive approaches to viewing the buried and nominally invisible evidence of the past should be included within the definition of Remote S
The presentation discusses the use of state-of-the art technologies in heritage documentation based on experiences gained while documenting heritag
In mid-April 2012 full coverage was obtained over the three main acquisition blocks of Angkor,Phnom Kulen and Koh Ker.The four months of planning c
From the perspective of macrohistory, this paper aims at examining the imagination of the world in Roman and Chinese cultures in the pre-imperial p
Using evidence provided in Herodotus Histories, Book 4, and artifacts excavated from tombs in Ukraine, southern Russia, and various other locations