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Of all cancers in children, ALL is the most common.To date, the causal mechanism(s) for leukaemia in both children and adults remain unclear and require further investigation.Similarly, accurate molecular biomarkers for prediction of treatment response and long term survival are generally lacking.There is a pressing need to further refine current diagnosis and prognosis parameters that will together lead to improved outcomes to children with leukaemia.The primary objective of this study was to characterise the role of Epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation, in development, and outcome of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).We have utilized archived diagnostic and remission bone marrow smears from children with ALL and have whole genome (Infinium) methylation analysis and high-throughput locus specific methylation analysis using the Sequenom MASSARRAY platform.We hypothesised that specific subset of DNA methylation markers are associated with specific subtypes of childhood ALL, treatment response and long term prognosis.We have now identified a pancl of such methylation markers that associate with either ALL generally, specific ALL subtypes, or with long term treatment outcome.These changes in DNAmethylation could provide clues into possible causal mechanisms in leukaemia and will allow refinement of current diagnostic and prognostic measures for children with ALL.