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Biologists found that weakly electric fish can hunt and navigate by receiving the electric field which is emitted by itself in dark environment.This kind of capacities which can receive the electric field which is emitted by itself to location,identifying or detection are called active electrolocation.Inspired by the research of active electrolocation in biological,we put up a new method which is simulating the active eletrolocation of weakly electric fish to detect pipeline defects.Our experiments have confirmed it can detect blockage in the pipeline which are made of different materials(PVC,plexiglas,brass and galvanized steel).And the simulations in ansoft maxwell also proved this method can detect defects of pipeline and locate it precisely in fresh water and dehydrated crude oil environment.Besides,comparison on experiment results and simulation results shows that the simulation model is correct.These previous experiments and simulations only used fresh water and dehydrated crude oil as experimental medium.