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Objective Infection and its complications are one of the greatest threats to the health of orthopedic patients.Mesoporousbioglass (MBG) scaffoldsare characterized by well-ordered, three-dimensional, nanometer-sized mesoporous structures, which facilitates the adhesion of hydroxyapatite and loading of drugs.MBG has been widely used as a new generation of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.However, MBGis very brittle and lacksantibacterial activity.Thislimits its applications in the treatment of bone defects, especially large bone defects complicated by infection.Method In order to dispel these disadvantages, a novel hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) and a class of prolamine proteins found in maize, Zeins, were here used to modify the traditional MBG scaffolds.Two new types of scaffold, MBG-HACC scaffolds and MBG-HACC-Zeinscaffolds, were made.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) were used to analyzethe surface properties of these MBG scaffolds.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical experiments, and synchrotron radiation microcomputer tomography (SR μ CT) were used to compare the features of the traditional and modified scaffolds and to analyze the mineralization of the scaffold after being soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF).Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to compare the antibacterial properties and biocompatibilityof the scaffolds at various points in time.Finally, biocompatibility is demonstrated by studying the in vitro proliferation and viability of human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs).Results The current study demonstrates that all these prepared MBG scaffolds possessed well-ordered, three-dimensional, nanometer-sized mesoporous structures and that HACC-Zein-modified MBG scaffolds are characterized by strong bioactivity and byeffective,prolonged antibacterial activity.Conclusion HACC-Zein-modified MBG shows significant promise as a material for use in bone repair in that it has an interconnected pore structure, good mechanical strength, minimal susceptibility to degradation, and long-lasting antibacterial activity.