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知识社会学为中国现当代文学研究提供了新视野,互文性研究方法是将知识社会学用于文学研究的可操作方法。按知识社会学观点,“无产阶级意识形态”其实也是特定视角的产物,也会受到特定社会状况制约,因而具有一切意识形态所共有的意识形态性。同时,亦不能否认其他意识形态就其自身视角和社会状况而言的合理性、真理性。体现无产阶级意识形态的作品遵循一种区别于日常伦理的暴力革命伦理。就土改叙事而言,周立波的《暴风骤雨》是革命伦理的直接体现,《太阳照在桑干河上》及《翻身记事》是不同伦理纠结交融的产物,而《赤地之恋》及“新历史小说”的土改叙事则是对革命伦理的质疑和颠覆。它们都受作者写作时社会境况和个人境况影响,体现一种特定视角。知识社会学对文学研究的启示是:应尊重历史、正视现实,重视视角转换与综合,不宜以单一视角将文学史写成简单的“进化”吏。
Sociology of knowledge provides a new horizon for the study of Chinese modern and contemporary literature. The intertextuality research method is an operable method of applying sociology of knowledge to the study of literature. According to the sociology of knowledge, “proletarian ideology” is actually a product of a particular perspective and also constrained by a particular social situation and thus has the ideology that is common to all ideologies. At the same time, we can not deny the rationality and truth of other ideologies in terms of their own perspectives and social conditions. Works embodying proletarian ideology follow a violent revolutionary ethic that is different from everyday ethics. As far as the land reform narrative is concerned, Zhou Libo’s “Tempest and Shock” is the direct manifestation of revolutionary ethics. The “Sun Shines on the Sanggan River” and the “Annunciation Memoire” are the products of the interweaving of different ethics. The “Red Earth Love” and “New History The novel of land reclamation refers to the questioning and subversion of revolutionary ethics. They are affected by the social conditions and personal circumstances of the author writing, reflecting a particular perspective. The enlightenment of sociology of knowledge on literary studies is that we should respect history, face reality, attach importance to transformation and synthesis of perspectives, and we should not write literary history into a simple ”evolutionary" official with a single perspective.