Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Groundwater Iron and Manganese in the Chandrapur District of Ce

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  Groundwater spatial and temporal distribution of iron and manganese concentration from the Chandrapur district of Central India was assessed during winter 2012,summer 2013 and post-monsoon 2013.Groundwater sampling was carried out by grab sampling method in 36 sampling locations comprised of 34 hand pumps and 2 dug wells.Temperature,conductivity and pH of the water samples were measured in the field itself.Groundwater samples for iron and manganese were preserved by adding conc.HNO3(1 mL for 250 mL of water sample).Groundwater iron and manganese concentration were estimated by ICP-OES(ICP-OES,Dv 7000).Groundwater iron concentration from the study area during winter 2012 was in the range of 0.006 ppm to 47.10 ppm,for summer 2013 it was 0.1639 ppm to 3.825 ppm and for post-monsoon 2013 it was 0.055 ppm to 4.021 ppm.Groundwater iron concentration in 20 water samples were above the permissible desirable limit of Indian Standards for drinking water(IS 10500:1991,desirable limit for Fe,0.3 ppm max.)during winter 2012,whereas 23 water samples for summer 2013 and 13 water samples for post monsoon 2013.Temporal distribution of average groundwater iron concentration from the study area showed that in winter 2012 the concentration was highest(3.52 ppm)followed by summer 2013(0.7306 ppm)and minimum in post-monsoon 2013(0.5826 ppm).Groundwater manganese concentration from the study area during winter 2012 was in the range of 0.0036 ppm to 1.853 ppm,for summer 2013 it was 0.003 ppm to 0.4742 ppm and for post-monsoon 2013 it was 0.0017 ppm to 0.760 ppm.Groundwater manganese concentration in 14 water samples was above permissible desirable limit of Indian Standards(IS 10500:1991,desirable limit for Mn,0.1 ppm max.)during winter 2012,whereas seven water samples for summer 2013 and five water samples for post monsoon 2013.Temporal distribution of average groundwater manganese concentration from the study area showed that highest manganese concentration was in winter 2012(0.257 ppm)followed by summer 2013(0.05 ppm)and post-monsoon 2013(0.05 ppm).The average manganese concentration during summer 2013 and post-monsoon 2013 was comparable.This elevated concentration of iron and manganese in groundwater from the study area can be attributed to weathering of mineral bearing rocks and also to mining activities.
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