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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the differences of cognition and risk factors of cognition decline between empty-nest and non-empty-nest elderly in healthy Chinese population.METHODS: In cross-sectional study, we examined 475 healthy elderly (aged 60-91 years, 235 men) with no eardiocerebral disease and diabetes mellitus.Participants were categorized into non-empty-nest and empty-nest group.The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed as an assessment of cognition.Carotid intema-media thickness (CIMT) was analyzed using M-mode ultrasonography.