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Objective: To study the mutations of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) 12S rRNA on patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment in Xinjiang Area.Methodology: The oral mucous membrane cells of patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment(573) and their healthy maternal members(380) were collected in Xinjiang Area from May to December in 2012.The mtDNA 12S rRNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the genome from oral mucous membrane cells as the templete ,then the PCR product were purified and sequenced.The mutations were detected by sequence analysis.