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Objectives: Evolutionarily organisms are bestowed with salient morphological features which are considered to be an outcome of activity of functional gene products.However,there are several important features present in organisms owing to recessive alleles in specific gene loci.Interestingly,prevalence of such featuresdue to recessive alleles of gene(s)raises intriguing questions in regard to evolution of the functional alleles in organisms.To have some understanding of this unique phenomenon,we examined fragrance which is a recessive trait in rice plant(Oryza sativa).this important trait in rice is due to mutation in BADH2 gene,that otherwise encode essential functional attributes in plant systems.Methods: the fragrant trait of 323 rice germplasm resources derived from differentcountries were screened by using the molecular marker of rice scent functional gene badh2and the traditional identification methods of gestation and smell.Results: the results showed that combining the two methods of molecular markertechnology and taste of grain chewing was rapid and accurate strategy to identify rice aroma character; Occurrencefrequency of the fragrant gene badh2 locus in indica original from Indonesia and Thailand was more than 68.2%;Whereas it was very lower occurrence frequency happening in japonicathat came from three countries(America,Russian and Italian),and it wasnt discovered in wild rice(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)from four areas(Yunnan,Myanmar,Laos and Nepal).Most of the fragrant loci in the 86 germplasm resources containing the aroma character werecontrolled by the badh2allele,while 6 rice varieties exhibits the different badh2alleles to confer the character.Conclusions: whichall are potential genetic resources for analysis of the aroma character and improve of fragrant rice in the next study.