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Objectives: To detect the genetic mechanism of multi-inflorescence in B. napus.Methods: In the present study,a double haploid(DH)population derived from a cross between single-inflorescence and multi-inflorescence lines was investigated for the penetrance of multi-inflorescence across three years and genotyped with 257 molecular markers.Subsequently,13 single-inflorescence and 15 multi-inflorescence DH lines were genotyped with Brassicamicroarray,and a narrowed quantitative trait locus(QTL)was detected.The differential expression genes(DEGs)between single-and multi-inflorescence individuals were identified by transcriptome sequencing at young stem.Results: A major QTL for penetrance of multi-inflorescence was mapped into a 9.31-Mb region on chromosome A05,explaining 45.81%of phenotypic variance on average.Subsequently,a 0.74-Mb region with 37 successive single nucleotide polymorphisms between single-inflorescence and multi-inflorescence groups was detectedby Brassicamicroarray.The DEGsbetween single-and multi-inflorescence individuals identified by transcriptome sequencing at young stem,weremainly enriched into Gene Ontology(GO)terms inresponse to stimulus in vivo and vitro,such as hormone,brassinosteroid,endogenous stimulus.Conclusions: Thepenetrance of multi-inflorescence was successfully located into a 0.74-Mb region on chromosome A05 in B.napus.TheDEGs between single-and multi-inflorescence individuals were mainly richened into GO terms inresponse to stimulus in vivo and vitro,indicating that the occurrence of multi-inflorescence is regulated by environments in vivo and vitro.