A tiered approach to the use of alternatives to animal testing for the safety assessment of cosmetic

来源 :2016(第二届)毒性测试替代方法与转化毒理学(国际)学术研讨会暨有害结局路径(AOP)与风险评估培训会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:sssyyyfff
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  In vitro tests form an essential part of the assessment of genotoxicity and provide information on three major genetic endpoints, mutagenicity, clastogenicity and aneugenicity.However, evaluation of several databases demonstrated that an increase in the number of tests performed results in an increase of the number of unexpected positives while the number of unexpected negatives decreases (Kirkland et al., 2005).Therefore, a 2 test battery was suggested by Kirkland et al (2011), consisting of the bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) and the mammalian cell in vitro micronucleus test.This two test battery has a comparable sensitivity than a three test battery and allowed the detection of all relevant genotoxic carcinogens and in vivo genotoxicants for which data existed in the databases used (over 950 compounds).
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Currently, there is strict requirement in the EU to minimize the number of animals involved in the chemical risk assessment procedure, particularly for the cosmetics sector.As the Cosmetics Directive
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BPA, a widely-studied environmental endocrine disruptor, has been identified to affect cardiac differentiation and produce cardiotoxicity in heart tissue.Great numbers of BPA analogs in blooming are e
目的 线粒体新生障碍及由此引发的线粒体结构和功能紊乱,是DOX诱导的心脏毒性的重要机制之一.线粒体新生活动受到细胞核和线粒体基因组的共同调控.其中核中蛋白因子PGC-1a是调节线粒体新生功能的关键信号分子.而其上游的沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1 (Sirt1)则能够通过去乙酰化作用激活PGC-1α,从而调节线粒体生物合成.多种细胞及动物模型中已表明, Sirt1/PGC-1α通路是维持线粒体正常功能
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Since the 21st century, the targeted cancer therapeutics, represented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have opened a new era of oncology.TKIs, designed to inhibit kinases that are mutated or
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Mitochondria are essential organelles and important targets for environmental pollutants.The detection of the mitochondrial biogenesis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p53 levels fo
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目的 硫芥(SM)属于糜烂剂,一直是威胁人类安全的重要毒剂.SM产生的皮肤AOP现象最为常见,其特征性反应包括无症状潜伏期后的红斑、水肿、炎性细胞浸润、小水疱、大水疱、迁延的愈合期及愈合后长年的皮肤瘙瘁等.尽管近10年来,各类组学、细胞学技术应用于SM损伤机制研究,然而,截至目前,SM的皮肤损伤的作用机制仍不完全清楚,特别是SM诱发皮肤AOP的起始事件尚未完全确定.方法 本文以人皮肤组织两种重要的