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The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays important roles in physiological and pathological angiogenesis.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 18-25 nucleotides small noncoding RNAs that function by negatively regulating gene expression.Numbers of miRNAs have been found to be regulated by TGF-β pathway.However, the role of endothelial miRNAs in the TGF-β-mediated control of angiogenesis is still largely unknown.Here we investigated the regulation of endothelial microRNA-1868 (miR-1868) by TGF-β signaling and the potential role of miR-1868 in angiogenesis.