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In guided wave-based structural health monitoring technique,the influence of structural characteristics such as variable cross-section,large thickness and different degrees of impairments on propagation of guided wave is crucial in the application of this technique on damage detection of high-speed railway axel.Propagation characteristics of guided wave in variable cross-section hollow cylinder-shape structure and interaction between damages and guided wave are investigated.New damage detection method through investigating structural circumferential displacement and difference of stresses is proposed.Moreover,the effects of damage depth on propagation of guided wave are studied.Effects of different degree damage on circular displacement and reflected wave are researched and summarized.