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AIM To investigate the effects and mechanisms of hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF) on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in anesthetized dogs.METHODS The acute ischemia models were prepared by ligating left anterior descending (LAD)artery for 60 min.Qualified 15 male dogs were divided into 3 groups at random (5 in each group) : blank control (treated with normal saline 3 ml·kg-1) group, HLF 5 and 10 mg·kg-1 group, with an once injection through a femoral vein 5 min before reperfusion.The experiments adopted epicardial electrocardiogram (EECG) to measure the scope and degree of myocardial ischemia.Simultaneously,neutrophil infiltration in infarct (Inf) and remote site (RS) of myocardial tissue was measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay.The serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) content was quantified by radioimmuno-assay.Furthermore, expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and NF-κB in Inf and RS tissue were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Ischemia and reperfusion increased the MPO activity and IL-1 and TNF-α content.It showed that HLF 10 and 5 mg·kg-1could significantly decrease the degree and scope of myocardial ischemia; markedly inhibit the increase of MPO activity, and IL-1 and TNF-α content induced by myocardial ischemia/infarction.Furthermore, HLF increased GRK2 expression and inhibited NF-κB expression in Inf tissue.CONCLUSION HLF could improve the situation of acute myocardial ischemia and inhibit the inflammation in dogs, which might be due to its increasing the GRK2 and NF-κB expression.