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Ceramic thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)are used to insulate and protect hot-section metallic components in gas-turbine engines for aircraft propulsion and electricity generation.Whereas environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)are used to protect ceramic-matrix composites.However,the higher temperatures and extreme conditions in high-efficiency engines are making TBCs and EBCs prone to deposition of undesirable silicates ingested by the engines,engendering new materials issues.