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Taiwan has a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic that has recently shifted to an increase among injection drug users (IDUs).In 2003, only 2.1% of HIV-positive individuals were IDUs in Taiwan.Since 2003, the proportion of newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases attributed to injection drug use increased dramatically to 41.3% in 2004 and 72.4% of all incident HIV cases in 2005.The overall number of HIV infections in Taiwan also increased from 860 in 2003 to 1521 in 2004 and 3381 in 2005.To curb this outbreak, Taiwans Centers for Disease Control began a harm reduction program in 2006 that offers syringe exchange services and methadone therapy to heroin addicts.Taiwans HIV epidemic has slowed since then;the overall number of HIV infections in Taiwan decreased from 2918 in 2006 to 1930 in 2007 and 1796 in 2010.A retrospective cohort study of IDUs at Taipei City Hospital Methadone clinic found that syringe sharing was strongly associated with HIV infection (AOR=14.76, 95% CI 10.31-21.13) among 1,444 IDUs from 2006 through 2010.HIV seroincidence was 1.15/100 person-years at risk (95% CI 0.62-8.77/100 PY) among IDUs during the period of follow-up.The findings in this survey reinforce the Taiwan Center for Disease Controls decision to implement harm reduction programs launched in July 2006 to combat the HIV epidemic in IDUs in Taiwan.