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Alterations in mitochondria calcium are thought to regulate mitochondrial metabolism,cell death and hypertrophy.Calcium uptake into mitochondria occurs via the recently identified mitochondrial calcium uniporter(MCU).To investigate the role of the MCU in regulating mitochondrial calcium,metabolism and cell death we studied mice lacking the MCU.Mitochondria from WT mice rapidly accumulated calcium; however,on addition of calcium to mitochondria from the MCU-KO hearts there was no calcium uptake,suggesting that if alternative calcium uptake pathways are present,they must be very slow,as no calcium uptake occurred over a 10 to 20 minutes time scale.