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Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated an important interaction between angiotension Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotension Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced capillary formation from endothelial cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.Recent studies revealed that the unfolded protein response regulates an angiogenic response by the kidney epithelium during ischaemic stress.