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Objective Main parameters which effect the electromagnetic radiation health include frequency and intensity.Health effects of electromagnetic wave sources of different frequency are different.Adverse health effects of microwave exposure by thermalizing have been generally accepted, while health effects of long term low intensity exposure remain controversial, esp.for 900 MHz GSM microwaves.Epidemiological survey indicates that the electromagnetic radiation can cause the excessive contact of the central nervous system and plant nerve dysfunction.Animal experiments show that the electromagnetic radiation can cause learning and memory and cognitive disabilities.The present study is to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic radiation of 2000 μW/cm2 exposure on expression of immunoreactive protein and mRNA of NR1 and NR2B subunits in rats hippocampal, and reveal the mechanisms of injury of electromagnetic irradiation to weaken the learning and memory abilities of rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham-radiated group, and 1 h/d, 2 h/d, and 3 h/d radiation groups.The rats in the radiation groups were fixed after microwave exposure of 2000 μW/cm2, then their learning and memory abilities were tested by Morris water maze experiment, the change of NR1 and NR2B proteins in hippocampal neurons of each group of rats were measured with immunohistochmistry and western blot techniques, and the expressions of NR1 and NR2B mRNA in hippocampus were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the normal control group, there had no obvious differences in the sham-radiated group (P > 0.05), while the platform-finding time of rats of radiated group in Morris water maze test were significantly longer (P < 0.05).In the radiation group, the hippocampal neurons of rats showing evident reduction in the ratio of NR1 and NR2B positive cells, irregular, and arrayed in disorder.Moreover, the expessions of NR1 and NR2B protein and mRNA in hippocampal neurons were significant decreased (P < 0.05).Conclusion Electromagnetic radiation of 2000 tW/cm2 exposure could weaken the learning and memory abilities of rats possibly through a mechanisms in relation to the lower expressions of NR1 and NR2B protein and mRNA.