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Rare earth (RE) ions doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been of considerable interest in recent years due to their applications in biomedical imaging, solar cells, lasers, lighting and display technologies.UCNPs combining fluorescence imaging modality, CT modality and MRI modality can offer the advantages of fluorescence imaging, i.e., high sensitivity, along with the high spatial resolution anatomic imaging capability of MRI and CT.