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To investigate the relationship between estrogen and lipid peroxidation after sciatic nerve injury.Sciatic function index (SFI) and malonydialdehyde (MDA) were detected to observe the degree of peroxidation in rats spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury.The results showed that the SFI decreased in all injuried groups.The sciatic nerve recovered slowly in ovariectomied group while the significant difference was shown between the estrogen supplement group and the ovadectomied group (P < 0.05).It was also indicated the MDA content in spinal cord increased obviously in all injuried groups,and peak reached on 21 d after injury.The MDA content in estrogen supplement group were significantly lower than that of the ovariectomied group in every time course (P < 0.05).These results suggest that estrogen may accelerate rehabilitation after sciatic nerve injury in rats.The neuroprotective mechanism of estrogen may have certain compensatory effect on peroxidation in spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury.