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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are controlled by particular microenvironments known as niches.It is suggested that interaction between the cell-adhesion molecule CD44 and the high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HA) is important for interaction of CSC with a niche and for maintenance of self-renewal of CSCs.Thus, antibody that inhibits the CD44-HA interaction is expected to be a new type of anti-cancer drugs.In this study, we performed in vitro selection of single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies against CD44 from human and mouse antibody-cDNA libraries using mRNA display developed in our laboratory.