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Permanently microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have attracted considerable attention on account of their large internal surface areas, uniform channels, (sub)nanometer-sized cavities, thermal stability, and chemical tailorability.The excellent sorption kinetics, reversibility, and guest-induced changes in the MOF structure and/or properties make them intriguing candidates for sensing.Here we describe the design and fabrication of MOF-based chemical sensors that rely upon a readout of changes in the refractive index of MOF materials.MOF materials were prepared as thin films or integrated into photonic crystals and these configurations can serve as selective sensors for chemical vapors and gases based on optically monitoring the energies of interference peaks or photonic stopbands as a function of analyte exposure.