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Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution poses a formidable public health threat to the city of Beijing.Among the various hazards of PM pollutants, microorganisms in PM2.5 and PM10 are thought to be responsible for various allergies and for the spread of respiratory diseases.While the physical and chemical properties of PM pollutants have been extensively studied, much less is known about the inhalable microorganisms.Most existing data on airborne microbial communities using 16S or 18S rRNA gene sequencing to categorize bacteria or fungi into the family or genus levels do not provide information on their allergenic and pathogenic potentials.