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Oxidative injury is involved in many diseases,such as ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases.Antioxidant drugs are favorable to relieve the oxidative injury caused by these diseases.5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (5-HMF) is a common major product of the Maillard reaction,and it is always formed during storage of fruit,foods,drinks,or steaming process of polygonum multiflorum and rehmanniae radix The definite role of 5-HMF has not been clarified.Our recent studies showed that 5-HMF displays a dramatic role in prevention against hypoxic injury,although its target is still not clear.