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Conotoxins are the bioactive peptidic components of cone snail venoms;each of the 700 cone snails and ＞10,000 other venomous marine snails has 100-200 venom peptides.Most of these are targeted to a specific ion channel or receptor isoform.Conotoxins have had important biomedical applications;one is an approved commercial drug,and several have reached human clinical trials.