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Variability of growth,Cd accumulation,photosynthesis and spectral reflectance in ten cultivars of castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)was investigated.The results showed that all parameters tested exhibit significant variations between cultivars,suggesting that diverse mechanisms contribute to the specific Cd tolerance level of different cultivars.The gas exchange,pigment content and spectral reflectance highly correlated with each other.According to Q-mode cluster analysis,ten cultivars were grouped into two major clusters: one includes the three Cd-tolerated cultivars(Fenbi 10,Zibi5 and Yunza N-2),and the other contains seven Cd-sensitive cultivars.Differences in root and shoot contents of Cd revealed no correlation with tolerance index,indicating that Cd accumulation and tolerance in castor bean seemed to be two independent traits.More importantly,cultivar Fenbi 10 was shown to have both high Cd tolerance and shoot Cd content,this cultivar has a great potential for phytoextraction combined with bioenergy production.