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Pancreatic cancer is one of a number of malignancies that typically lack tumor infiltrating effector lymphocytes and are considered "non-immunogenic" neoplasms.This situation has drastically slowed the development and application of immune-based therapies for these cancers.Therefore,we have tested the hypothesis that vaccine based immunotherapy can convert pancreatic cancer,a "non-immunogenic" tumor,into an "immunogenic" tumor with infiltrating effector lymphocytes.