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Given expectations for a booming usage of thiamethoxam and increasing availability of the promising biological agent Serangium japonicum for the control of Bemisia tabaci in China,an evaluation of their compatibility is crucial for IPM.This study examined the lethal and sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on S.japonicum through three exposure routes.An acute toxicity bioassay showed that LC50 values of thiamethoxam for S.japonicum through residue contact,egg-dip,and systemic treatment were 6.650,4.367,and 2.428 mg AI L-1,respectively.The prey consumption of S.japonicum given different densities of B.tabaci eggs under control,discontinuous,egg-dip and systemic exposure scenarios showed a good fit to a Type Ⅱ functional response.Predation of S.japonicum was most affected under systemic exposure,followed by egg-dip,and discontinuous,which was only slightly affected.In all cases tested,however,predators recovered their predation capacity rapidly,either after 24 h of exposure or 24 h after the end of exposure.Thiamethoxam was highly toxic to S.japonicum regardless of exposure routes.Sublethal effects of thiamethoxam applied systemically or foliar both impaired the biological control of S.japonicum on B.tabaci.Therefore,thiamethoxam should be used with caution in integrated pest management of B.tabaci.