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Objective: To investigate the effect of diabetic condition on the key oxidation repair enzymes of the thioltransferase (TTase) in human lens.Methods: The anterior capsules of 108 diabetic cataract and age-related cataract with different ages were collected during cataract phacoemulsification procedures.The correlation among TTase activity and expression to age, duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, visual acuity, glycosylated hemoglobin and GSH level were analyzed in three groups patients by age: 40 to 55, 56 to 65 and 66 to 80 years.TTase activity, biochemical changes and lens opacification level were evaluated in a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin induced diabetic SD rats after 12 weeks.The influences of high glucose and AGEs on oxidative stress, the expression and activity of TTase, and cell apoptosis were examined in human lens epithelial cells (HLE B3)with siRNA TTase to knockdown the expression.The effects of high glucose on the redox system and immunohistochemical staining were evaluated in the cultured rat lenses.