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In the study, a new route, that the nano-silica filled polypropylene (PP) sheets were unidirectional stretched under a temperature slightly lower than the melt point of PP, was developed.The mechanical properties and crystalline characteristics of the unidirectional nano-silica/PP composites prepared under different drawing ratio were investigated.The fractured specimens were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).Orientation structure of the PP crystals and the amorphous part of unidirectional PP and composites were studied by wide angle X-ray diffractometer and fluorescence depolarization.