【摘 要】
：
生物技术的兴起带来了一个全新的农田杂草控制时代：以孟山都公司的草甘膦和抗草甘膦转基因作物(转cp4-EPSPS基因)组合为代表,两者配套使用可以在保证农作物安全前提下极有
【机 构】
：
南京农业大学生命科学学院,农业部农业环境微生物工程重点开放实验室,南京,210095大北农生物技术中心,北京,100193
【出 处】
：
第十八次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会
论文部分内容阅读
生物技术的兴起带来了一个全新的农田杂草控制时代：以孟山都公司的草甘膦和抗草甘膦转基因作物(转cp4-EPSPS基因)组合为代表,两者配套使用可以在保证农作物安全前提下极有效地控制农田杂草.2013年全球种植了26.3亿亩转基因作物,其中抗除草剂性状占比超过80％,且绝大多数是抗草甘膦性状.但长期使用草甘膦带来一个严重问题：杂草产生抗性.全世界迄今已报道牛筋草、黑麦草、小飞蓬和豚草等多种重要杂草对草甘膦产生了抗药性,而且有愈演愈烈之势.麦草畏(Dicamba 3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸,又名百草敌)能防除200多种杂草,因广谱高效、低毒和杂草抗性产生慢,可以很好地弥补草甘膦的不足.美国生物技术巨头孟山都利用麦草畏脱甲基酶基因DMO成功构建抗麦草畏和草甘膦复合性状的转基因大豆(商标为Roundup Ready 2 XtendTM)和抗麦草畏、草甘膦和草铵膦的棉花(Bollgard Ⅱ(R)XtendFlexTM),已经通过相关安全性评估,计划2015年进入商业化应用.
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