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Purpose: To assess the possibility of endothelial cells(EC)and endothelial cells-1(ET-1)in the process of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF)by observing the direct effect of aqueous areca nut extract(AANE)on the level of ET-1 secreted by EC.Methods: EC(from ECV-304)were cultured in vitro.EC were incubated together with AANE of different concentration:0、50、100、200、400、600、800 ug/ml,and after 48 hours we investigated the level of ET-1.Results: The level of ET-1 secreted by EC was increased when EC were affected by AANE of concentation at 100 ug/ml or more for 48 hours,and positive comelations were found between intensity of increasing agents and the dosage.Conclusion: AANE of some concentration could play an important role in the process of OSF through making the content of ET-1 increase by injuring EC.