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Background Cell therapy is a promising approach for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure.With unique access to the ischemic myocardium,retrograde coronary venous delivery has been demonstrated to provide efficient cell dissemination in the setting of occluded or diffusely narrowed coronary arteries and has subsequently shown functional benefits in both animal and clinical studies.However,poor cell retention is the major obstacle to the establishment of this method as the preferred route for cell delivery.In recent years,magnetic targeting strategies traditionally used in chemotherapy for tumors have been introduced to localize magnetic nanoparticle-loaded cells delivered to in vivo target lesions.However,few data exist on the efficacy of magnetic targeting on retrograde cell retention.Here,we explored whether magnetic targeting could enhance retrograde cell retention in a rat model of myocardial infarction.