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As the starting material of naphthalene heterocycles is coal tar and China has the largest coal tar industry in the world, we concentrated on the design and syntheses of naphthalimides and the other naphthalene heterocycles for years.Several series of heterocyclic compounds derived from naphthalimide and analogues, were designed as highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor, some of them was used for detection of trace amount of toxic heavy metallic cations in water and living cell, and further developed as Selective Sensing-Separation Strategy (4S), and the other for detection of enzyme and protein in water and living cell in terms of predicting drug response.