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Objective: Decompensate cirrhosis has no effective therapy to date.The effectiveness of treatment is limited for the cause and it is difficult to prevent the further development of liver cirrhosis.Method: Twenty four patients with decompensate cirrhosis were enrolled and underwent autologous BMSCs transplantation.150~230 ml of bone marrow blood were collected from each patient.Then heparinized bone marrow blood (125 ml/un it) was isolated with density gradient centrifugation.The isolated BMSCs were injected into the liver through liver artery by means of the intervention route.Different index were observed at different time points between pre-operation and postoperation, such as ALB, TBil, clinical symptoms score, adverse effects, complications and prognosis.Results: 1.The score of clinical symptom: the score of2w, 4w, 8w, 12w and 24w after transplantation improved significantly compared to that of the pre-transplantation (P*3c0.01).The average score of clinical symptom before transplantation was 2.13±0.68; The average score at 12w after transplantation was 1.05±0.69, which indicated the most significant amelioration.The average score at 24w (1.25±0.85) was less compared to 12w but still more than that in the pre-operation.2.The change of ALB: Among Child A-B patients, the serum ALB level began to increase 2w after transplantation.While the level at 12w reached the peak concentration.24W after treatment, serum ALB decreased,but still higher than the level before treatment.There were significant differences in ALB between2w,4w, 8w, 12w, 24w after and before BMSCs infusion (P*3c0.01).However it was still noticeable that the ALB level in Child C patients took on a descending tendency in the duration of 24 weeks.2w, 4w, 8w, 12w and 24w after treatment compared with before treatment in serum ALB was no significant difference (P*3e0.05).3.The change of PTA: Among Child A-B patients, the serum PTA level began to increase 2w after transplantation.While the level at 8w reached the peak concentration.24W after treatment, PTA decreased, but still higher than the level before treatment.2w, 4w, 8w, and 12w PTA compared to preoperative level have significant difference (P*3c0.01).The PTA at 24w had no statistical difference compared to preoperative level (P*3e0.05).The PTA in Child C patients compared with before treatment was no significant difference (P*3e0.05).Conclusions: Liver artery infusion of BMSCs is effective on patients with hepatic cirrhosis of Child A and B, but not effective on Child C.