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Hybrid cultivars have been used commercially in many crop plants,and have made significant contributions to the world food supply (Duvick,1997),however,the genetic and molecular basis of heterosis remains to be revealed.A national heterosis project was initiated in China in 2001 aiming to understand genetic and molecular basis of heterosis.The genetic basis of heterosis of an elite rice hybrid was investigated by using an immortalized F2" population.The analyses were conducted making use of a linkage map comprising 231 segregating molecular marker loci covering the entire rice genome.