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We report an original approach to fabricate 1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes(CNMs)and graphene from aromatic self-assembled monolayers(SAMs).[1] This approach is based on the low-energy electron-radiation induced crosslinking of aromatic SAMs,and a subsequent annealing leads to the conversion of CNMs to graphene with well-defined thickness and dimensions.The mechanical properties of CNMs were investigated using AFM bulge testing and interferometric method.[2] We found a correlation between the rigidity of the precursor molecules and the macroscopic mechanical stiffness of CNMs from densely packed SAMs.[3] Elastic modulus of graphene prepared via annealing CNMs increases with increasing annealing temperatures,[4] which is accompanied by changes in electrical conductivity and electron mobility.Gas permeation measurements of CNMs supported by a polymeric membrane were carried out with a constant volume,variable pressure experimental setup.The deposition of CNMs reduces the gas permeation of PDMS membrane dramatically and a different gas permeation mechanism for single-layer and trilayer CNMs is also revealed.[5] We also demonstrated a viable route to integrate two-dimensional(2D)materials like CNMs and graphene with other low-dimensional materials into mechanically stable van der Waals heterostructures,[6] thus aiming at a molecular route to rationally fabricate functional nanomembranes for gas separation and liquid filtration applications.