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Objective: To investigate the relationship between postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and β-amyloid protein (β-AP) in patients undergoing Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods: 50 patients undergoing elective Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy received five groups of neuropsychological tests 1 day pre-operatively and on postoperative day 7 with continuous monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation intraoperatively.Jugular venous blood was drawn respectively before anesthesia induction(T0), at the beginning of laparoscopy (T1), and by the time of pneumoperitoneum 120min(T2), pneumoperitoneum 240min(T3), pneumoperitoneum 480min(T4), laparoscopic end of surgery(Ts) and 24h after surgery, for the measurement of β-AP by ELISA.Results: A total of 21 cases out of the 50 patients with POCD.The rSO2%max was significantly higher in POCD group than non-POCD group.Compared with non-POCD, post-operative 24h level of β-AP was obviously higher in POCD group.The levels of β-AP 24h after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative values in the the POCD group.