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Model based image reconstruction methods have been introduced in x-ray computed tomography to enable excellent quality image reconstruction from extremely low radiation dose projection data.Different commercial vendors introduced their own version of MBIR reconstruction methods in product and academic research activities have also explosively increased in the past several years.In this talk,the physics foundations and clinical motivations of the MBIR methods in CT will be discussed.Recent progresses in MBIR methods will be motivated for the audience as well.These progresses include the introduction of prior image into the MBIR reconstruction processes and the introduction of the sparsity and/or low-dimensionality of specific clinical CT imaging protocols into the MBIR reconstruction methods.The successes and challenges associated with the MBIR reconstruction methods will be analyzed from medical physics and clinical practice standpoints.Finally,the future research opportunities and challenges will be discussed to motivate the collaborations with/among young scientists in China.