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Obstructive sleep apnea is a disturbance that affects up to a third of the adult population.It is caused by intermittent blockade of the airways during sleep, and is an independent risk factor for development of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.However the mechanisms linking sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases area still obscure.We developed a new method to induce obstructive sleep apnea in rats.This method combines obstructive apneas produced by inflation of a tracheal balloon with on-line recording of the sleep-awake cycle.We compared cardiorespiratory responses induced by obstructive apnea during wakefulness and during REM sleep.